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Strawman s argument to make it easier to attack or t completely fabricating someones argument. ts much easier to present your own position as being reasonable or vald but this kind of dshonesty serves to undermine rational debate. After Will said that we should put more money into health and education Warren responded by saying that he was surprsed that Will hates our country so much that he wants to leave it defenceless by cutting miltary spending slippery slope Asserting that if we allow A to happen, then Z wil consequently happen too, therefore A should not happen. The problem with this reasoning s that it avoids engaging with the issue at hand, and instead shifts attertion to baseless extrerne hypotheticas The merits of the original angument are then tainted by unsubstantiated conjecture Colin Closet asserts that if we allow same-sex couples to marry then the next thing we know well be alowing people to marry their parents their cars and Bonobo monkeys the fallacy fallacy Presuming that because a claim has been poorly argued, or a fallacy has been made, that it is necessarily wrong. There are few things more frustrating than watching someone poorly argue a position one holds Much of the time a debate is won not because the victor is right but because she is better at debating than their opponent Recognising that Amanda had committed a falacy in arguing that we should eat healthy food because it was popular, Alyse resolved to eat bacon double cheeseburgers every day burden of proof Saying that the burden of proof lies not with the person making the claim, but with someone else to disprove. The burden of proof lies with someone who is making a claim and is not upon anyone else to disprove·The nability or disir dination to disprove adam does not make it valid Bertrand declares that a teapot is, at this very moment, in orbit around the Sun between the Earth and Mars and that because no ane can prove him wrong his clain is therefore a valid one ad hominem Attacking your opponent's character or personal traits instead of engaging with their argument. Ad hominem attacks can take the forrm of overtly attacing sonebody, or more subtly casting doubt on their character. The result of an ad hom attack can be to undermine someone without actualy having to engage with their argument After Sally presents an eloquent and compelling case for a more equitable taxation system Sar asks the audence whether we should believe anything from a woman who isnt married, was once arrested and smels a bit weird personal ncredulity Saying that because one finds something difficult to understand that it's therefore not true. Complex subjects lie biological evolution through natural selection require some amount of understanding of how they work before one is able to property grasp them this falacy s usually used in place of that understanding Kirk drew a picture of a fish and a human and with effusive dsdain asked Fichard f he realy thought we were stupid enough to believe that a fish somehow tuned into a hunan through just, ike, random things happering over time loaded questiorn Asking a question that has an assumption built into it so that it can't be answered without appearing guilty. Loaded question falacies are particularly effective at deraling rational debates because of their infammatory nature- the recipient of the loaded question is compelled to defend themselves and may appear flustered or on the back foot. Grace and Helen were both romantically interested in Brad One day. with Brad sitting within earshot, Grace asked in an inquisitive tone whether Helen was having ary problems with a drug habit. the gambler's fallacy Believing that 'runs' occur to statistically independent phenomena such as roulette wheel spins. This commonly beteved falacy can be fairty said to have created an entre city in the desert of Nevada USA Though the overall odds of a big runi happering may be low, each spin of the wheel is itself entirely independent from the last Red had corme up six times in a row on the roulette wheel so Greg knew that it was close to certain that black would be next up Suffering a kind of economic form of natural selection with this thinking, he soon lost all of his savings black-or-white Where two alternative states are presented as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist. Also known as the false dilemma, this insidious tactic has the appearance of forming a logical argument, b under doser scrutiny it becomes evident that there are more possibilities than the either/or choice that is presented Whist rallying support for his plan to fundamentally undermine citizens rights the Supreme Leader told the people they were either on his side, ar on the side of the enemy begging the question A circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise. This logicaly incoherent argument often arises in situations where people have an assumption that is very ingrained, and therefore taken in their minds as a given Crcular reasoning is bad mostly because it's not very good The word of Zorbo the Great is flawless and perfect. We know this because it says so in The Great and Infalibe Book of Zorbo's Best and Most Truest Things that are Definitely True and Should Not Ever Be Questioned joehillsthrills: hollyblack This graphic is fabulous. It represents a tiny crash course in rhetoric. Learn these things. Put them on your wall. Whisper them into the breeze. These are THINGS TO KNOW nteresting Bookmark this s--- and the next time someone begins gobbling nonsense at you on a social network, instead of engaging. point them to this handy chart. Also useful: Thought Catalog's

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