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ELSEVIER Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Surfaces and Interfaces journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/surfaces-and-interfaces The three-dimensional porous mesh structure of Cu-based metal-organic-framework - aramid cellulose separator enhances the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anode batteries Manshu Zhang, 1, Liming Wu, Tao Yang, Bing Zhu, Yangai Liu"." "Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China b College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310036, China SURFACES INTERFACES ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Lithium metal battery Lithium dendrites CUMOF-ANFS separator ABSTRACT Lithium metal, due to its advantages of high theoretical capacity, low density and low electrochemical reaction potential, is used as a negative electrode material for batteries and brings great potential for the next generation of energy storage systems. However, the production of lithium metal dendrites makes the battery life low and poor safety, so lithium dendrites have been the biggest problem of lithium metal batteries. This study shows that the larger specific surface area and more pore structure of Cu-based metal-organic-framework - aramid cellulose (CUMOF-ANFS) composite separator can help to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites. After 110 cycles at 1 mA/cm², the discharge capacity retention rate of the Li-Cu battery using the CuMOF-ANFS separator is about 96 %. Li-Li batteries can continue to maintain low hysteresis for 2000 h at the same current density. The results show that CUMOF-ANFS composite membrane can inhibit the generation of lithium dendrites and improve the cycle stability and cycle life of the battery. The three-dimensional (3D) porous mesh structure of CuMOF-ANFS separator provides a new perspective for the practical application of lithium metal battery. 1. Introduction Certainly, here is a possible introduction for your topic:Lithium- metal batteries are promising candidates for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries due to their low electrode potentials and high theoretical capacities [1,2]. However, during the cycle, dendrites forming on the lithium metal anode can cause a short circuit, which can affect the safety and life of the battery [3-9]. Therefore, researchers are indeed focusing on various aspects such as negative electrode structure [10], electrolyte additives [11,12], SEI film construction [13,14], and collector modification [15] to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites. However, using a separator with high mechanical strength and chemical stability is another promising approach to prevent dendrites from infiltrating the cathode. By incorporating a separator with high me- chanical strength, it can act as a physical barrier to impede the growth of dendrites. This barrier can withstand the mechanical stress exerted by the dendrites during battery operation, preventing them from reaching the cathode and causing short circuits or other safety issues. Moreover, chemical stability of the separator is equally important as it ensures that the separator remains intact and does not react or degrade in the pres- ence of the electrolyte or other battery components. A chemically stable separator helps to prevent the formation of reactive species that can further promote dendrite growth. Researchers are actively exploring different materials and designs for separators to enhance their me- chanical strength and chemical stability. These efforts aim to create separators that can effectively block dendrite formation, thereby improving the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries. While there are several research directions to address the issue of dendrite formation, using a separator with high mechanical strength and chem- ical stability is an important approach to prevent dendrites from infil- trating the cathode and ensure safe operation of lithium metal batteries. Several types of separators currently used in research include nanoporous polymer separators [16], ceramic composite separators [17], nanofiber separators [18-20], and metal-organic skeleton (MOF) separators [21-24]. While these separators have shown some ability to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, they still have some drawbacks,

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ELSEVIER Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Surfaces and Interfaces journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/surfaces-and-interfaces The three-dimensional porous mesh structure of Cu-based metal-organic-framework - aramid cellulose separator enhances the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anode batteries Manshu Zhang, 1, Liming Wu, Tao Yang, Bing Zhu, Yangai Liu"." "Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China b College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310036, China SURFACES INTERFACES ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Lithium metal battery Lithium dendrites CUMOF-ANFS separator ABSTRACT Lithium metal, due to its advantages of high theoretical capacity, low density and low electrochemical reaction potential, is used as a negative electrode material for batteries and brings great potential for the next generation of energy storage systems. However, the production of lithium metal dendrites makes the battery life low and poor safety, so lithium dendrites have been the biggest problem of lithium metal batteries. This study shows that the larger specific surface area and more pore structure of Cu-based metal-organic-framework - aramid cellulose (CUMOF-ANFS) composite separator can help to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites. After 110 cycles at 1 mA/cm², the discharge capacity retention rate of the Li-Cu battery using the CuMOF-ANFS separator is about 96 %. Li-Li batteries can continue to maintain low hysteresis for 2000 h at the same current density. The results show that CUMOF-ANFS composite membrane can inhibit the generation of lithium dendrites and improve the cycle stability and cycle life of the battery. The three-dimensional (3D) porous mesh structure of CuMOF-ANFS separator provides a new perspective for the practical application of lithium metal battery. 1. Introduction Certainly, here is a possible introduction for your topic:Lithium- metal batteries are promising candidates for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries due to their low electrode potentials and high theoretical capacities [1,2]. However, during the cycle, dendrites forming on the lithium metal anode can cause a short circuit, which can affect the safety and life of the battery [3-9]. Therefore, researchers are indeed focusing on various aspects such as negative electrode structure [10], electrolyte additives [11,12], SEI film construction [13,14], and collector modification [15] to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites. However, using a separator with high mechanical strength and chemical stability is another promising approach to prevent dendrites from infiltrating the cathode. By incorporating a separator with high me- chanical strength, it can act as a physical barrier to impede the growth of dendrites. This barrier can withstand the mechanical stress exerted by the dendrites during battery operation, preventing them from reaching the cathode and causing short circuits or other safety issues. Moreover, chemical stability of the separator is equally important as it ensures that the separator remains intact and does not react or degrade in the pres- ence of the electrolyte or other battery components. A chemically stable separator helps to prevent the formation of reactive species that can further promote dendrite growth. Researchers are actively exploring different materials and designs for separators to enhance their me- chanical strength and chemical stability. These efforts aim to create separators that can effectively block dendrite formation, thereby improving the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries. While there are several research directions to address the issue of dendrite formation, using a separator with high mechanical strength and chem- ical stability is an important approach to prevent dendrites from infil- trating the cathode and ensure safe operation of lithium metal batteries. Several types of separators currently used in research include nanoporous polymer separators [16], ceramic composite separators [17], nanofiber separators [18-20], and metal-organic skeleton (MOF) separators [21-24]. While these separators have shown some ability to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, they still have some drawbacks,

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